{"id":92,"date":"2015-05-13T21:35:56","date_gmt":"2015-05-13T21:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/?page_id=92"},"modified":"2016-12-15T20:58:12","modified_gmt":"2016-12-15T20:58:12","slug":"history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/scsn\/history\/","title":{"rendered":"History"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wonderpluginslider-container\" id=\"wonderpluginslider-container-1\" style=\"max-width:400px;margin:0 auto;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:220px;\"><div class=\"wonderpluginslider\" id=\"wonderpluginslider-1\" data-sliderid=\"1\" data-width=\"400\" data-height=\"600\" data-skin=\"cube\" data-autoplay=\"true\" data-randomplay=\"false\" data-loadimageondemand=\"false\" data-transitiononfirstslide=\"false\" data-autoplayvideo=\"false\" data-isresponsive=\"true\" data-fullwidth=\"false\" data-isfullscreen=\"false\" data-ratioresponsive=\"false\" data-showtext=\"true\" data-showtimer=\"false\" data-showbottomshadow=\"true\" data-navshowpreview=\"true\" data-textautohide=\"false\" data-lightboxresponsive=\"true\" data-lightboxshownavigation=\"false\" data-lightboxshowtitle=\"false\" data-lightboxshowdescription=\"false\" data-texteffectresponsive=\"true\" data-scalemode=\"fit\" data-arrowstyle=\"always\" data-transition=\"slide\" data-loop=\"0\" data-border=\"0\" data-slideinterval=\"12000\" data-arrowimage=\"arrows-32-32-0.png\" data-arrowwidth=\"32\" data-arrowheight=\"32\" data-arrowtop=\"50\" data-arrowmargin=\"-18\" data-navstyle=\"bullets\" data-navimage=\"bullet-24-24-1.png\" data-navwidth=\"24\" data-navheight=\"24\" data-navspacing=\"8\" data-navmarginx=\"16\" data-navmarginy=\"16\" data-navposition=\"top\" data-playvideoimage=\"playvideo-64-64-0.png\" data-playvideoimagewidth=\"64\" data-playvideoimageheight=\"64\" data-lightboxthumbwidth=\"90\" data-lightboxthumbheight=\"60\" data-lightboxthumbtopmargin=\"12\" data-lightboxthumbbottommargin=\"4\" data-lightboxbarheight=\"64\" data-lightboxtitlebottomcss=\"{color:#333; font-size:14px; font-family:Armata,sans-serif,Arial; overflow:hidden; text-align:left;}\" data-lightboxdescriptionbottomcss=\"{color:#333; font-size:12px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left; margin:4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;}\" data-textformat=\"Underneath center\" data-textpositionstatic=\"bottomoutside\" data-textpositiondynamic=\"bottomleft\" data-paddingleft=\"0\" data-paddingright=\"0\" data-paddingtop=\"0\" data-paddingbottom=\"220\" data-texteffectresponsivesize=\"640\" data-fadeduration=\"1000\" data-crossfadeduration=\"1000\" data-slideduration=\"1000\" data-elasticduration=\"1000\" data-sliceduration=\"1500\" data-blindsduration=\"1500\" data-blocksduration=\"1500\" data-shuffleduration=\"1500\" data-tilesduration=\"2000\" data-kenburnsduration=\"5000\" data-flipduration=\"1500\" data-flipwithzoomduration=\"2000\" data-threedduration=\"1500\" data-threedhorizontalduration=\"1500\" data-threedwithzoomduration=\"2500\" data-threedhorizontalwithzoomduration=\"2200\" data-threedflipduration=\"1500\" data-threedflipwithzoomduration=\"2000\" data-threedtilesduration=\"2000\" data-threedfallback=\"flip\" data-threedhorizontalfallback=\"flip\" data-threedwithzoomfallback=\"flipwithzoom\" data-threedhorizontalwithzoomfallback=\"flipwithzoom\" data-threedflipfallback=\"flip\" data-threedflipwithzoomfallback=\"flipwithzoom\" data-threedtilesfallback=\"tiles\" data-ratiomediumscreen=\"800\" data-ratiomediumheight=\"1.2\" data-ratiosmallscreen=\"480\" data-ratiosmallheight=\"1.6\" data-textcss=\"display:block; padding:12px 0px; text-align:left; margin-top:4px;\" data-textbgcss=\"display:none;\" data-titlecss=\"display:block; position:relative; font:bold 16px &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;,&quot;Lucida Grande&quot;,sans-serif,Arial; color:#333;\" data-descriptioncss=\"display:block; position:relative; font:14px &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;,&quot;Lucida Grande&quot;,sans-serif,Arial; color:#333; margin-top:8px;\" data-buttoncss=\"display:block; position:relative; margin-top:8px;\" data-titlecssresponsive=\"font-size:12px;\" data-descriptioncssresponsive=\"display:none !important;\" data-buttoncssresponsive=\"\" data-jsfolder=\"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/wonderplugin-slider\/engine\/\" style=\"display:none;\" ><ul class=\"amazingslider-slides\" style=\"display:none;\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/scedc.caltech.edu\/data\/drum-info.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/seismo_drums.jpg\" alt=\"Seismograph Drums\" title=\"Seismograph Drums\" data-description=\"Before we had digital records being transmitted in real time to our servers, Drum Seismographs were the standard for recording seismograms. To learn more about how these records were analyzed visit:\" \/><\/a><button class=\"as-btn-blue-medium\">SCEDC<\/button><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.archives.caltech.edu\/agents\/people\/460\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/harry_wood.jpg\" alt=\"Harry Wood\" title=\"Harry Wood\" data-description=\"Under Wood&#39;s guidance and funding from the Carnegie Institute, the first seismic network of its kind was created and he became the founder and first director of the Seismo Lab. Director from 1921-1946. Visit the Caltech Archives to learn more about Harry Wood.\" \/><\/a><button class=\"as-btn-blue-medium\">Caltech Archive<\/button><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wood%E2%80%93Anderson_seismometer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/Wood_anderson_seismometer.jpg\" alt=\"Wood-Anderson Torsion Seismometer\" title=\"Wood-Anderson Torsion Seismometer\" data-description=\"The first standardized instrument for recording an earthquakes seismic motion, Invented by Harry Wood and John Anderson and deployed as the first seismic network to record earthquakes in Southern California. These seismometers are still used to this day!\" \/><\/a><button class=\"as-btn-blue-medium\">Wood-Anderson Wiki<\/button><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/seismolab.caltech.edu\/history.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/sMudd.jpg\" alt=\"South Mudd, Caltech\" title=\"South Mudd, Caltech\" data-description=\"South Mudd, on the Caltech campus, is the current home of the Seismological Laboratory and the Caltech portion of the SCSN. Originally located in Northern Pasadena at the Kresge Lab, the Seismo lab was moved to the Caltech campus in 1974 by then Director Don Anderson.\" \/><\/a><button class=\"as-btn-blue-medium\">Seismo Lab History<\/button><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gps.caltech.edu\/people\/frank-press?back_url=%2Fpeople%3Fcategory%3D%26category%3D%26category%3D691%26search%3D%26submit%3DSearch\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/Frank_Press.jpg\" alt=\"Frank Press\" title=\"Frank Press\" data-description=\"Press was the director of the Seismo Lab from 1957-1965. Under his guidance the lab began transitioning to computer-based quantitative analysis of earthquakes. Press later served as Chief Science Advisor to President Jimmy Carter and President of the National Academy of Sciences.\" \/><\/a><button class=\"as-btn-blue-medium\">Frank Press - In Memoriam<\/button><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hugo_Benioff\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/Benioff.jpg\" alt=\"Hugo Benioff\" title=\"Hugo Benioff\" data-description=\"Benioff, along with his colleagues Gutenberg, Richter, Buwalda, and many others, invented the vertical seismometer as well as led the way in using teleseismic events (distant earthquakes) to map the earth&#39;s interior. This cohort pushed the Seismo Lab to the forefront of Seismological Research on the international stage.\" \/><\/a><button class=\"as-btn-blue-medium\">Benioff Wiki<\/button><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"amazingslider-thumbnails\" style=\"display:none;\"><li><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderthumbnailimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/seismo_drums.jpg\" alt=\"Seismograph Drums\" title=\"Seismograph Drums\" data-description=\"Before we had digital records being transmitted in real time to our servers, Drum Seismographs were the standard for recording seismograms. To learn more about how these records were analyzed visit:\" \/><\/li><li><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderthumbnailimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/harry_wood.jpg\" alt=\"Harry Wood\" title=\"Harry Wood\" data-description=\"Under Wood&#39;s guidance and funding from the Carnegie Institute, the first seismic network of its kind was created and he became the founder and first director of the Seismo Lab. Director from 1921-1946. Visit the Caltech Archives to learn more about Harry Wood.\" \/><\/li><li><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderthumbnailimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/Wood_anderson_seismometer.jpg\" alt=\"Wood-Anderson Torsion Seismometer\" title=\"Wood-Anderson Torsion Seismometer\" data-description=\"The first standardized instrument for recording an earthquakes seismic motion, Invented by Harry Wood and John Anderson and deployed as the first seismic network to record earthquakes in Southern California. These seismometers are still used to this day!\" \/><\/li><li><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderthumbnailimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/sMudd.jpg\" alt=\"South Mudd, Caltech\" title=\"South Mudd, Caltech\" data-description=\"South Mudd, on the Caltech campus, is the current home of the Seismological Laboratory and the Caltech portion of the SCSN. Originally located in Northern Pasadena at the Kresge Lab, the Seismo lab was moved to the Caltech campus in 1974 by then Director Don Anderson.\" \/><\/li><li><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderthumbnailimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/Frank_Press.jpg\" alt=\"Frank Press\" title=\"Frank Press\" data-description=\"Press was the director of the Seismo Lab from 1957-1965. Under his guidance the lab began transitioning to computer-based quantitative analysis of earthquakes. Press later served as Chief Science Advisor to President Jimmy Carter and President of the National Academy of Sciences.\" \/><\/li><li><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"amazingsliderthumbnailimg\" src=\"http:\/\/tungsten2.gps.caltech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/History\/Benioff.jpg\" alt=\"Hugo Benioff\" title=\"Hugo Benioff\" data-description=\"Benioff, along with his colleagues Gutenberg, Richter, Buwalda, and many others, invented the vertical seismometer as well as led the way in using teleseismic events (distant earthquakes) to map the earth&#39;s interior. This cohort pushed the Seismo Lab to the forefront of Seismological Research on the international stage.\" \/><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"wonderplugin-engine\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wonderplugin.com\/wordpress-slider\/\" title=\"WordPress Image Slideshow\">WordPress Image Slideshow<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h4>1921 through 1931<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Could be considered the \u201cpre-history\u201d of the Seismological Laboratory, which originally belonged to the Carnegie Institute, not Caltech. Instruments for the recording of local earthquakes (such as the Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer and the Benioff short-period instruments) were designed, fabricated, and installed at a few sites ( Pasadena and Riverside, for example). In 1926, the Seismological Laboratory became affiliated with the new geology department at California Institute of Technology. By 1931, seismographic stations existed at six locations (PAS, RVR, SBC, TIN, HAI &amp; LJC), which allowed the location of most earthquakes over 3.0 in most areas of Southern California.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1932 through 1971<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Could be called the era of the Caltech Seismic Network. The number of instrumented stations increased slowly, with distinct growth spurts after the 1933 Long Beach earthquake (Mw6.4), 1952 Kern County earthquake (Mw7.5), and the 1971 San Fernando earthquake (Mw6.7). Most recording still occurred photographically, at the station. Data from some stations were telemetered to Caltech beginning in about 1966.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1972 through 1976<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>The period when the cooperative network with the U.S. Geological Survey was formed. This marked the beginning of what is now the SCSN. It could also be called the era of analog (via telephone land line) telemetry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1977 through ~1990<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Is still the era of analog telemetry, but data were digitized upon their arrival at Caltech and processed by real-time computer systems (using the CEDAR and CUSP software).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1991 through 2000<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Was the beginning of the era of broadband seismometers and digital telemetry. Although most signals were still transmitted in their analog form (now by mostly radio and\/or microwave) and digitized onto the computers, some stations were replaced or supplemented by modern equipment under the TriNet program. Data processing was still using the CUSP system. After 1992 there were no more photographically recorded signals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2001 through present<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Is the modern digital, broad-band network. The 96 analog stations that we still have are digitized by \u201cearthworm hubs\u201d either in the field or at Caltech, before processing by our real-time systems, and finally analyzed by Seismic Analysts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1921 through 1931 Could be considered the \u201cpre-history\u201d of the Seismological Laboratory, which originally belonged to the Carnegie Institute, not Caltech. Instruments for the recording of local earthquakes (such as the Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer and the Benioff short-period instruments) were<span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/scsn\/history\/\">Read more &#8250;<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":8,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"responsive\/sidebar-content-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-92","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/92","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/92\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1839,"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/92\/revisions\/1839"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scsn.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}